[Hindi] Kayakalp by Munshi Premchand (Paperback)

Publisher ‏ : ‎ Lexicon
Language ‏ : ‎ Hindi
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 464 pages (May vary)
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9389931924
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-9389931921

Munshi Premchand (Hindi: मुंशी प्रेमचंद) was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature. He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent,and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindustani writers of the early twentieth century. Born Dhanpat Rai, he began writing under the pen name "Nawab Rai", but subsequently switched to "Premchand", while he is also known as "Munshi Premchand", Munshi being an honorary prefix. A novel writer, story writer and dramatist, he has been referred to as the "Upanyas Samrat" ("Emperor among Novelists") by some Hindi writers. His works include more than a dozen novels, around 250 short stories, several essays and translations of a number of foreign literary works into Hindi. Premchand is considered the first Hindi author whose writings prominently featured realism. His novels describe the problems of the poor and the urban middle-class. His works depict a rationalistic outlook, which views religious values as something that allows the powerful hypocrites to exploit the weak. He used literature for the purpose of arousing public awareness about national and social issues and often wrote about topics related to corruption, child widowhood, prostitution, feudal system, poverty, colonialism and on the India's freedom movement. Several of his early works, such as A Little Trick and A Moral Victory, satirised the Indians who cooperated with the British colonial government. In the 1920s, he was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement and the accompanying struggle for social reform. During this period, his works dealt with the social issues such as poverty, zamindari exploitation (Premashram, 1922), dowry system (Nirmala, 1925), educational reform and political oppression (Karmabhumi, 1931). In his last days, he focused on village life as a stage for complex drama, as seen in his most famous work Godan as well as the short-story collection Kafan (1936).Premchand believed that social realism was the way for Hindi literature, as opposed to the "feminine quality", tenderness and emotion of the contemporary Bengali literature. प्रेमचन्द (31 जुलाई, 1880 — 8 अक्तूबर 1936) के उपनाम से लिखने वाले धनपत राय श्रीवास्तव हिन्दी और उर्दू के महानतम भारतीय लेखकों में से एक हैं। उन्हें मुंशी प्रेमचन्द व नवाब राय नाम से भी जाना जाता है और उपन्यास सम्राट के नाम से अभिहित किया जाता है। इस नाम से उन्हें सर्वप्रथम बंगाल के विख्यात उपन्यासकार शरतचंद्र चट्टोपाध्याय ने संबोधित किया था। प्रेमचन्द ने हिन्दी कहानी और उपन्यास की एक ऐसी परंपरा का विकास किया जिसने पूरी शती के साहित्य का मार्गदर्शन किया। आगामी एक पूरी पीढ़ी को गहराई तक प्रभावित कर प्रेमचन्द ने साहित्य की यथार्थवादी परंपरा की नींव रखी। उनका लेखन हिन्दी साहित्य की एक ऐसी विरासत है जिसके बिना हिन्दी के विकास का अध्ययन अधूरा होगा। वे एक संवेदनशील लेखक, सचेत नागरिक, कुशल वक्ता तथा सुधी संपादक थे। बीसवीं शती के पूर्वार्द्ध में, जब हिन्दी में की तकनीकी सुविधाओं का अभाव था, उनका योगदान अतुलनीय है।